Role of Teachers and Parents in Imparting Values

Role of Teachers and Parents in Imparting Values Dr. Sandip Madhukar Mali - Abstract Now days everyone says that, today’s student’s behaviour is valueless. The prime aim of this paper is to identify the reason of this situation. Role of teacher and parent is important in imparting values in student. Values relate to the norms of a culture. Norms provide rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or evil. While norms are standards, patterns, rules and guides of expected behavior, values are abstract concepts of what is important and worthwhile. Different cultures reflect values differently and to different levels of emphasis. Over the last three decades, traditional-age college students have shown an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others. Values seemed to have changed, affecting the beliefs, and attitudes of the students. Student or child is looking the action of parent or teacher and did like this so, teacher and parents behavior is very ethical. Key Words: Value, Value education, Imparting Values, Role of Teacher, Parents. Introduction: Today we are talking of value education, value based education and value based society. All of us feel that the values are falling and nobody is respecting them. In an enthusiasm to point fingers at others we do not realize that we too have contributed to this fall. Role of teacher and parent is important in inculcating values in student or a child. Values are not a process of teaching but are inculcating with one’s own behaviour. Value literally means something that has a price, something precious, dear and worthwhile. It is defined as a belief upon which man acts by preference. By a close examination of different sources of the meaning of values, we may say. We use the term value as ‘Literary value,’ ‘Democratic Value’, ‘Life Value’ and ‘Education value in our day to day speaking and writing. In life process man accepts good things and avoids bad things. It is not human living to act neutrally and in the light of witness only. Acc eptable and non-acceptable, good and bad are the nature of values. Values are established and they are practicable. Importance of Values: Values refer the norms of behavior or culture. Values guide the selection or evaluation of action, policies, people and events. That is, values serve as standards or criteria. Values guide our behaviour and give meaning to our existence. d) Values assist us to take right decisions and make choices. e) Values give direction and firmness to life and help us to be morally sound. Type of Value and its areas: Human value- Human behaviour National or constitutional value- Constitutional rules Social value- Rules about society Vocational value- Ideals in various professions Religious value- Ideals related to religions Aesthetic value- Value in Arts and Literature Human value is like an axle of a wheel and other types of value are around it. Therefore if an individual is educated in human values, learning of all other values become leaser. Following are human values: 1) Truthfulness (2) Constructivity (3) Sacrifice (4) Sincerity (5) Self control (6) altruism (7) Sientific vision Value Development: Value development is a continuous, cumulative and highly interdependent process touching all the aspects of personality. Value/ Moral development is the axis on which revolves ones personality and character. Jean Piaget proposed a stage theory of moral development. Moral judgement is the basis of moral development. The earliest stage of childs morality is Heterogeneous morality governed by adult constraints or restrictions imposed by adults. The child considers an act wrong because the act is likely to bring punishment or restrictions. As the age advances, the child reaches a stage of Autonomous morality. The growing individual regards the rules as sacred and unchangeable. He identifies justice with rules and regulations of authority. Sigmund Freud, the father of Psychoanalysis views moral development as an identification process. The young child identifies himself with parents and internalizes the adult rules which lead to the development of morality. He considers super Ego primarily responsible for developing a moral frame of reference. The psychoanalytic school emphasises parent-child relationship as the basis of moral development. Albert Bandra, a Social learning theorist, is the exponent of observational learning. He studied the effect of modeling on learning of moral values. He considers imitation as the important determinant of morality. Televised aggenssion elicit aggressive behaviour while disciplined, restrained actions in visual media like TV elicit constructive behaviour. The content of communication media serves as the sources of values. Teachers and parents acts as a models for children to cultivate socially desirable behavioural patterns. The implications of these theories of moral development to the field of education are many and varied. Value education should be developmental value education, not just and external activity. It should be noted unlike physical or intellectual development, value development does not depend on heredity. It is purely an acquired character. No person can acquire moral value without living in human society. Value Education: Value education is simply a matter of developing appropriate behaviour and habits involving inculcation of certain virtues and habits. Moral development of a child, according to some, results automatically from the social life of the school. The child as a member of the group imbibes the attitudes, values and general behaviour of the group and continually tries to mould himself according to the group norm. Such adjustment to life constitutes his moral development. Since the dawn of culture and civilization in India, education, whether it is primary or higher, has always been a source of gradually cultivating wisdom by acquiring which a human being gets fitness for facing with the challenges of different stages of life and for dedicating to the welfare of humanity. In the process of our gradual journey from primary to higher education two sorts of major changes, relative to our attitude towards values, occur in our life. They are external or bodily and internal or self affirming. External changes in the sense that the students bag degrees by fair or foul means and on that basis get higher job positions. During the job, they collect more and more money, Cars, Bungalows and manage academic awards and all that by having which they may exploit themselves and the society with the disguised repute but they fears to face the deep hollowness of their disguised selves. They ruin self to the extent of dissatisfied and meaningless life. Money is value onl y when it is earned through honest and proper labour and distributed in proportion. One can realize money as value only through higher education. It earned by wrong means is thievery, the way of a rogue. Without realizing the values of and in higher education one cannot lead a meaningfully satisfied educated life. Role of Parents in imparting values: Childs first learning environment is a home and parents are the first teachers. Parents are demonstrate the appropriate behaviour by their actions because children’s are learn by observation and conditioning. Normally we come across three categories of parents. a) Caring parents: parents become highly concerned about these children, which is natural but they become over possessive, which is detrimental to the growth of the child. They would try to do everything for the child without allowing him to do or experiment something on his own. In this overflowing flood of concern, they pamper the child, overlook his omissions and start supporting him even when he needs correction. b) Careless parent: parents are not much concerned about the child. It does not mean that they do not love the child. Either, they are illiterates or too busy persons. Some of them do not have the methods and tools to handle their children and some do not have the time to guide and manage the children. c) Critical and strict parents: These parents desire to bring up their children under `total discipline. They expect the child to be always immaculate and faultless in every action and situation. They cannot tolerate anything otherwise. They are very critical and keep on pointing the finger of accusation at the child. They take all decisions about the child and truly believe that the child cannot /should not take decisions. The impressions that the child gets in the initial part of his life, remains with him. One can never escape the childhood experiences. What the parents did is more important than what they said, because, the child learns by observing and not just by listening. So child parenting rearing style is very crucial in imparting values. Role of Teachers in imparting values: The teacher has a powerful and enduring influence in the formation of the character of every future citizen. Teacher acts as a pivot for the transmission of intellectual and technical skills and cultural traditions from one generation to the other. Teaching is not a job; it is an attitude. Teacher is a source of information, a guide, a mentor, a surrogate parent, a motivator, all at the same time. Teaching is the only profession which always deals with the future. To be an ideal teacher, who can be a role model, some features of teacher: Anyone who does not love his subject can never be a good teacher and cannot inspire his students. If one does not have the respect for his vocation; he can never have self-esteem of himself. Such teachers do not exude confidence and assurance. If anyone loves their students as intensely as their own children they become a great teacher. Affirmative and Holistic personality teacher is imparting values in student. Conclusion: The role of a parent and teacher in the changing social scenario is becoming very challenging. In the earlier times teacher was the only source of information and commanded respect on this count. Today, we have multiple information centers like books, coaching centres, the audio visual aids such as audio cassettes, video tapes, microfilms and internet services that provide information to those who need it. Thus teachers role as the only source of information is marginalized. The society is becoming more materialistic and values appear to be pushed into the background. So parent and teacher role is very crucial in developing values in their child. References: Banerji, Sanjay and Prasad, Rajiv (2012). Role of Teachers and Educational Institutions in Value Based Higher Education, Vol. V, No. I, March -August 2012. Gulati, Sushma and Pant, Daya. (2002). Education for Values in Schools – A Framework Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education National Council of Educational Research and Training, Sri Aurobindo Marg: New Delhi – 110016. Gururaj, Karajagi. (2000). Role of Teachers and Parents in Imparting Values: Jain International Residential School, International Academy for Creative Teaching: Bangalore. NCERT (2005). Journal of Value Education: January July, 2005. Seetharam, A. R. (2001). Concept and Objectives of Value Education. Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education: Mysore. Sridhar, Y. N. (2001). Value Development Ramakrishna Institute of Moral and Spiritual Education: Mysore. Tiwari, D. N. (2005). Values in Higher Education: Department of Philosophy Religion: Bhu. http://hechingerreport.org/content/value-really-means-higher-education_15129/ March 27, 2014.

Assignment – Job Fair Brochure Paper

Management always encourages our employees to work hard, be creative, be responsible, positive, be respectful of other employees and management, and to always be team-players. These traits never go unnoticed or unrewarded, Employees are evaluated every six months and given appropriate bonuses for going above and beyond the Mullen In an annual basis. Additionally, our employees enjoy two weeks of vacation pay, an employee stock purchase program, 401 k with company match, and excellent health and dental insurance.The management team at â€Å"X† always keeps the door open for employees to share new ideas, concerns or problems with them. These meetings always remain private so that employees know they are in good hands. Structure: Our company is divided Into deferent departments or functions in which there is a lead or manager in charge of each function that reports to the Site Manager, owner and the founder of â€Å"X†, Mr.. BBC. First, there are manufacturing operators wh o are In charge of manufacturing each piece before It Is sent to the customer.These operators work together from start to finish, each with specific duties that must be done before their work is passed on to the next person. The QUA supervisor inspects each finished piece to be sure it is correct and then they sign off once it is approved. Then the finished pieces are either delivered directly to the customers' via ground transportation or air depending on their location, or taken to the storage area where it is stored to maintain the stock with safe quantities to fulfill customer's demand.On the sales department, sales personnel are in charge of handling customer's emails or alls and help them to prepare their custom orders. The sales people are in charge of customer satisfaction, sales, prepare custom orders, and passing on custom orders to the designers to prepare the molds for them. The sales manager oversees all of these functions very closely. Managers from all areas meet toge ther daily to report to one another and to be sure work Is being done In the most efficient manner. All managers are expected to keep the site manager Informed of any Issue and they report to him almost daily.Business Model: In order for the company to sustain and generate revenue, â€Å"X† believes in creating high-quality recycled paper products that our customers need and we make every attempt to keep our prices competitive. We offer custom-made products for our customers to ensure they are getting exactly what they want; guaranteed. We strive to keep the price of all supplies the company buys low, by negotiating with the same suppliers we have worked with since day one. Our suppliers are only twenty miles from our warehouse therefore; we do not pay high prices for shipping and handling.We never compromise on product quality, and our customers are aware of it. Our advertising is done by our marketing department but mostly for our international customers. Locally, word of m outh by our satisfied customers is the primary way of marketing, so this saves our company on advertising every year. Employees are competent and well-trained and they work together in creating these products and are trusted to be responsible and efficient at all times. They are encouraged to share new ideas that may increase sales and company profitability and are rewarded accordingly.Our employees have very satisfying and rewarding careers therefore; our employee turn around rate remains very low. How will these choices impact my business? Here at â€Å"X† we believe that a strong, healthy, tight knit crew is the key to the company success. Each function has strong communication among and between them, for that reason; there are few sporadic issues of miscommunication. We believe that our customers are the key to keep us alive as a company and to our success thus, we make every effort to keep them satisfied.

Acting Under Pressure Essay

Some of the professionals or even not yet professionals may face many psychological pressures often without people or resources to turn to for support, or the knowledge and skills to effectively manage these pressures. A great mind being an optimistic can help you a lot in terms of handling these pressures for you to be able to work properly. In contrast with this, a pessimistic mind will lead you no way. Leaders who want to establish a practice of positive workplace within their organizations should develop written ethics standards, provide ethics training, and ensure resources are available for employees in need of some proper advice. According to the internet, Management accounting or managerial accounting is concerned with the provisions and use of accounting information to managers within organizations, to provide them with the basis to make informed business decisions that will allow them to be better equipped in their management and control functions. Those taking this specific subject may face different challenges along the way. In the given data of Institute of Management Accountants, enumerated countries have its own challenges yet it is included with solutions in order to minimize those given challenges. Below are the countries given together with its challenges in the workplace plus the way on how do they resolve those cases. UNITED KINGDOM. One of the challenges faced by the management accountants is limited funding of public money and potentially high penalties if a project failed to be delivered on time. In order to resolve this problem, management accountants should need to ponder how this was being allocated because it can be a threat to year end reporting and matching progress to the budget. To avoid penalties and to adopt with tight timelines, safety and quality issues and working hours should need to be kept in check. Moreover, another challenge faced by management accountants is intense pressure to win a contract. In line with this, management accountants need to confirm that no conflict of interest from the outset and that governance and checks for the awarding of contracts were in place. Also, there must be a regular review of relationships with contractors as well as offers and acceptance of hospitality. Management accountants should use not only her organization’s governance and ethical guidelines and policies but also be guided by the CIMA code of ethics and seek support from her reporting line and senior management. In line with this, management accountants should create relationships with his/her team as well as line managers to enable his/her to influence associates, and to become familiar with the key contacts in the audit or ethics committee to escalate issues by means of asking perceptive and examining questions, encouraging discussions and resolving issues. SRI LANKA. Another challenges faced by management accountants were issues related to the quality of supplies and raw materials in its strict deadlines and fixed budgets because there may be inadequate transparency in the supplier screening process and incentives used to keep things to time. As a management accountant, regular quality checks will help him/her to draw up a policy framework with expected issues with the team, like considering time plans for projects. Also, confidential whistleblowing line of that management will act on. SOUTH AFRICA. Most companies in South Africa are challenged by the pressure brought about by the competitive setting of the business world. Since companies were focused on being the one top, the workforce especially management accountants were pressured to meet the company’s objectives, mainly in meeting the deadlines. Without a proper application of managerial skills and having a harmonious relationship within the management it may be hard for the management accountants to provide accurate and well-articulated information to the managers. Building and strengthening the commitment of every employee is one good solution and it is done by having regular meetings, raising best practice, and sharing knowledge. Build relationship not only with legal departments but also with technical departments in order to extract every details or information needed to provide the best information and precise data for the managers to have an enhanced management of the company. PAKISTAN. In Pakistan, working on demanding deadlines and strict budgets are the main problems/challenges faced by many management accountants. Inducement is commonly observed in order to meet deadlines leading to falsifying records and providing unreliable valuations. For that reason, risk assessment should always be done and a â€Å"highlight to ETHICAL CONDUCT should be observed†. Management accountants should ensure that all requirements are met and have a healthy communication not only with the management but also with external stakeholders to engage them properly. MALAYSIA. In Malaysia, the problems or challenges faced by management accountants were related in the threats of breaching the confidentiality of information and interest of a company. Other problems that management accountants were facing include labor rights, safety and quality issue. Management accountants should keep the customer’s expectation to their product or service to meet up their company’s objectives and goals. To solve these problems management accountants should think about the risk if they were threatened to breach the confidentiality of information of a company. They should also investigate if there were hidden expenses, asset under/over valuation and improper profit recognition. Management accountants have a vital role to play of having a good company especially if they understand professional ethics. They should also give incentives to their employees so they can work harder and it is the key to maintain or improve customer relationship. Management accountant sh ould also go under training and seminars about ethical values of organization.

Why Marijuana Should Be Lgalized Essay example - 614 Words

According to archeologists, the cannabis plant was among the first crops purposely cultivated by human beings at least 6,000 years ago and perhaps even more than 12,000 years ago. It is considered by many to be one of the most resourceful crops on earth. It can be used for industrial, medical, and recreational purposes. Rather than waging war on marijuana users, this resourceful crop should be legalized and utilized. The cannabis sativa plant produces more protein, oil, and fiber than any other plant on earth. In fact, it can be used to produce more than 5,000 textile products ranging from rope to paper. Aside from being resourceful, it is also very nutritious. According to Dr. Udo Erasmus, hempseed oil is the most perfectly balanced†¦show more content†¦So the question arises again, why wont the federal government legalize marijuana? Since 1937, the US government has been waging war against marijuana users. So much time has been spent on mere drug offenders while rapists and murderers walk the streets raping and murdering. According to the Federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 70-plus million Americans have admitted to smoking marijuana at least once in their lifetime. It is a harmless source of recreation for millions of people around the world. It has also been proven that marijuana helps to relieve stress. Furthermore, there is absolutely no proof that smoking marijuana can make a person stupid or numb or affect a childs score on a test. Some believe that the legalization of marijuana would result in increased usage or act as a gateway to harder drugs. Marijuana is legal for adults in the Netherlands and statistics show that the number of Americans that use marijuana is more than double the percent of Dutch who have used it. Americans want their rights of privacy restored to them by decriminalizing marijuana. The war on drugs needs to come to an end. There are so many more important things that law enforcement officers should be focused on than cracking down on marijuana users. The most resourceful crop on earth, cannabis yields industrial hemp for canvas, oil, fiber, and paper among other things; a harmless medicine for very ill patients; and a

The Philip s Curve And Modern Macroeconomic Policy Making

Suhail Almarar Instructor: Course: Date: Solve the Questions Has the Philip’s curve any use in modern macroeconomic policy-making? The Philip’s curve offers great importance in modern economic analysis. Philip’s curve shows the relationship between the rate of unemployment and the rate of inflation in any given economy. The discovery of Philip’s curve by the great British economist gave room for the analysis of modern macroeconomic policy tools as well as management of different economies around the globe. The curve can be used to analyze the relationships between inflation and unemployment rates affecting modern economies. The curve can be used to address higher rates of inflation by adopting the appropriate fiscal and monetary policies. The same can be done to evaluate and determine possible solutions to higher rates of unemployment. The Philip’s curve can be used to check the level of growth within the economy. For instance, respective states can decide to increase their expenditure in order to improve the levels of employment. Many economies use Philip’s curve to improve on production of goods and services. Philip’s curve helps in explaining the importance of increasing aggregate demand. Aggregate demand helps create employment thus reduce the number of unemployed people in an economy. On the other hand, a high number of employed people results into increased spending thereby causing inflation. The Philip’s curve is a very important policy tool that modern economies useShow MoreRelatedInflation And Its Effects On The Economy2825 Words   |  12 Pagesfluctuation of the economy in the country that directly affects the economy of the world. It actually affects the various macroeconomics and microeconomics factor of the economy leading to various consequences. The most important consequences is unemployment. 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Microsoft History - 1423 Words

Background The beginning of Microsoft Inc. started with Bill Gates and Paul Allen writing computer program code for local businesses and municipalities. In 1975 they were inspired by an issue of Popular Electronics that showed the new Altair microcomputer kit, manufactured by MITS Computer. Bill Gates and Paul Allen wrote a version of BASIC, a computer programming language, for the machine. Later that year Bill Gates left Harvard University to work full time developing programming languages for the Altair, and he and Paul Allen relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico, to be near MITS Computer, where Paul Allen took a position as director of software development. Bill Gates and Paul Allen named their partnership Micro-soft (Microsoft†¦show more content†¦They encourage professional development by reimbursing tuition and textbook fees for approved work-related courses (Microsoft.com, 2008). Financial INCOME STATEMENTS (In millions, except per share amounts) Year Ended June 30 2007 2006 2005 Revenue $51,122 $44,282 $39,788 Operating expenses: Cost of revenue 10,693 7,650 6,031 Research and development 7,121 6,584 6,097 Sales and marketing 11,455 9,818 8,563 General and administrative 3,329 3,758 4,536 Total operating expenses 32,598 27,810 25,227 Operating income 18,524 16,472 14,561 Investment income and other 1,577 1,790 2,067 Income before income taxes 20,101 18,262 16,628 Provision for income taxes 6,036 5,663 4,374 Net income $14,065 $12,599 $12,254 Earnings per share: Basic $001.44 $001.21 $001.13 Diluted $001.42 $001.20 $001.12 Weighted average shares outstanding: Basic 9,742 10,438 10,839 Diluted 9,886 10,531 10,906 Cash dividends declared per common share $000.40 $000.35 $003.40 Attached is an Income Statement from 2005 to 2007 (Microsoft Corporation Annual Report, 2008). As you can see, revenues and net income have continued to increase over the years. 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Marketing Portfolio Removable Online Security Device

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Portfoliofor Removable Online Security Device. Answer: Product Description Q key removable online security device is a product founded and co-founded by Christopher Maus and Brandon Maus respectively. Christopher Maus, as a security expert, has previously architected products that help the individuals to take control. The product has been assembled by a varied global team of experts in technologies and security. These experts are exceptionally talented in aspects of engineering, design and business development. Q key was introduced in the market to help people control their web privacy and security. It is simple, virtually anywhere, smart and secure, opening a new experience on the internet. Q key is termed as simple as it provides a uniform and rich online experience anywhere and at any time. For it to work, it simply requires the owner to insert it in a computer, enter a password, normally shop, open the digital wallet and choose a card and finally tapping the Q key to pay. Q key is practically anywhere as it is compatible with most existing websites. It contains a single access login that logs one instantly into web accounts that are protected by passwords. Furthermore, it is portable, as it can easily fit into a pocket. This product is termed as smart as it abolishes the need for one to dredge up all login access and passwords required for the web accounts that are secured. Q key is secure as it uses a smart chip like the one used in military evaluation encryption, physical touch sensor s and new payment cards to ensure security on online payments. Current Market Conditions Current market conditions for a particular product describes the characteristics of the market it is going to be released to, or introduced. These conditions may include the competitiveness level, the rate at which the market grows and number competitors already in the market (Feng et al., 2017) Currently, the market is crowded by different cloud systems like Yahoo, JP Morgan Chase, eBay, and others. These systems support online shopping, allows people to store personal information online by providing accounts that are secured with passwords. The one thing common with these online systems is that they store such information in the cloud, which acts like someone elses computer. This makes them susceptible to breaches and hacking (Smith et al., 2010). For example, Yahoo has got about 500 million accounts that have been hacked, JP Morgan Chase with 83 million while eBay records approximately 145million hacked accounts. This has led to the need for change of condition and output in the market, leading to a positive gradual change over the years. An example of such change is the introduction of Q key into the market. However, there is growing competition from the online systems as they use technology to better their services. Such healthy competition also encourages the improvement of the Q key product, which aims to implement its idea of providing a simple, secure and smart internet experience needed as technology continues to grow. The consumers also need an assurance of their accounts being safe from hacking and breaches. With the information being stored online, such guarantee is not provided, making them feel violated and uncomfortable. Q key offers a simple solution of posing to keep personal data away from the online cloud, thus away from hackers and into our pockets, offering us a total control of the data. SWOT Analysis for the product SWOT analysis evaluates the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of the product. This helps in specifying the objectives of the project as well as identifying favorable and unfavorable factors that are available in achieving the objectives (Xing Gao, 2015). Strengths Strengths include the advantageous features and unique features Q key has over other products in the market. In this case, Q key plays a role in ensuring online accounts are completely under the owners' control, thus decreasing cases of hacked accounts. This product aims to create strengths in its profitability, and by doing so, the cost of production is effectively managed (Phadermrod et al., 2016). The strengths of Q key comes from the need of satisfying a need of a specific targeted audience by using unique selling benefits. Weaknesses Weaknesses in product launching signals that the product needs to overcome certain competitions in the market in order to gain consumers (Phadermrod et al., 2016). For example, in order for Q key to gain market share, more capital is needed in marketing. The product may also be sold at a loss for a short time so as to introduce it to the market. Since customer brand loyalty is hard to break, Q keys position will further be weakened even if it is better than other relatable products. This can be a weakness it might be experiencing as a new product in the market. Opportunities New products contain built-in Opportunities when they are the first to launch a certain idea (Phadermrod et al., 2016). This allows Q key to be able to sell at a higher price for a short time if too much competition is not an issue. The product also gets an opportunity of taking advantage of the medias interest in advertising and showcasing new products. Threats Threats experienced by Q key may be as a result of the reactions its competitors have when it enters the market. It is therefore recommended for the launchers to have backup pricing, distribution channels, and promotion plans when the competitors start changing their playing fields (Phadermrod et al., 2016). This helps them respond to the competitors reactions. Nature and Scope of Marketing and the Marketing Concept Marketing refers to the act of creating, communicating and delivering a product or service to customers by an organizational (Hair Lucas, 2014). This is done to benefit both the stakeholder and the organization. The nature of marketing is described by the fact that it is an economic function, a series of networking business activities, a legal process allowing transfers of ownership, a social process and a managerial function (Barnes, 2016). The scope of marketing studies consumers' needs and wants, the behaviors of the user, the policies used in pricing, promotion, distribution, control of the market and customer satisfaction (Hanssens Pauwels, 2016). The marketing concept involves identifying what the customers want or need, establish whether such wants can be satisfied if the wants are still on demand and finally coming up with ways to keep the consumers satisfied. This is done by an organization focusing on the consumers' needs, aligning its functions used to focus on such need s and eventually realizing profits over the long term by fruitfully satisfying the needs of the customer (Morris Rahtz, 2015). Marketing Research Techniques and their Importance to Marketing Decision Making The marketing research techniques are divided into the primary and secondary researches. Secondary researches involve studying existing data suitable for a particular research need. The main research methods involve conducting surveys especially if data is to be measured quantitatively, use of effective focus groups especially for exploratory qualitative researches, conducting interviews, use of observation technique and use of experiments especially in scientific testing (Andaleeb Hasan, 2016). Research of the present market for a particular product helps organizations in making decisions regarding the product. A good research may suggest alternative options for products entering a new market. An organization may come up with ways of distributing a product using research outcomes, the promotion techniques, and pricing. External factors affecting the product may also be established and the target market for a particular product identified (Babin Zikmund, 2015). Marketing Mix and Extended Marketing Mix A business' marketing mix refers to a combination of different elements it uses to enable it to meet the consumers' expectations and needs (Khan, 2014). Each element used in the marketing mix is related to each other. The marketing mix consisted of four elements traditionally, but in recent years, new elements have been added to form the extended marketing mix. The four elements that previously constituted the marketing mix were; price, place, promotion and product. They worked together in order to achieve marketing intents. Three more elements were added recently, as mentioned, to form the extended marketing mix (Movchan Karpenko, 2014). The added elements include; process, physical environment, and people. The seven elements work closely together to ensure marketing is effective. References Andaleeb, S. S., Hasan, K. (2016). Marketing Research. InStrategic Marketing Management in Asia: Case Studies and Lessons across Industries(pp. 111-160). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Babin, B. J., Zikmund, W. G. (2015). Essentials of marketing research. Nelson Education. Barnes, S. (2016). 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